What is Optimality Theory?
نویسنده
چکیده
A. Overview (1) Organization: a. What is generative linguistics and phonology? b. Rule-based phonology c. How OT works d. Predictions of the model e. Acquisition and OT f. Current developments g. Resources B. What is generative linguistics and phonology? (2) Competence vs. performance Generative linguists are interested in describing what a speaker knows about their language, rather than in describing how they might use that knowledge in performance. (3) Levels of adequacy: a. Observational: does the analysis describe the facts? b. Descriptive: Does the analysis describe the the mental state of a speaker? c. Explanatory: Does the analysis describe the the mental state of a learner? (4) Some simple facts of English Vowels are nasalized if and only if the following segment is a nasal consonant. (5) Levels of adequacy: a. Can we characterize the facts correctly? b. Can we describe how the speaker's knowledge of these facts is represented? c. Can we account for how a speaker might be capable of learning such facts? C. Rule-based phonology (6) Chomsky & Halle 1968: a. A universal/finite set of features to describe elements; b. a restricted rule formalism to express generalizations; c. any phonology is a set of ordered rules. (7) [+syl] [+nasal] / [+nasal] (8) For example: /haet/ [haet], /haend/ [h ˜ aend]. (9) But: /b ˜ aet/ *[b ˜ aet].
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